COMPOSITION
Liqu-ETM: Each
liquid in hard gelatin capsule contains Vitamin-E (as dl- a -tocopheryl
acetate USP ) 400 mg .
PHARMACOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Pharmacological Action
The main role of
Vitamin-E seems to be as a defense against oxidative stress and
lipid peroxidation. In most of the cell membranes there is one
molecule of Vitamin-E for every 1000 lipid molecules. Vitamin-E
mops up peroxide radicals and then needs a supply of reduced
hydrogen to restore the steady-state situation. This is usually
supplied by ascorbic acid or reduced glutathione.
Mechanism of Action
Vitamin-E
possesses antioxidant activity. Vitamin-E is the principal
antioxidant of the lipid domains of the body, such as cellular
membranes. It is a chain-breaking antioxidant that prevents the
propagation of free radical activities. It is a peroxyl radical
scavenger and especially protects the polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs) within membrane phospholipids and in plasma
lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation. The hydroxyl group of the
chromanol ring reacts with an organic peroxyl radical to form
the corresponding organic hydroperoxide and the tocopheroxyl
radical. The tocopheroxyl radical is the pro-oxidant form of
Vitamin-E.
PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES
Vitamin-E is
absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the
enterocytes by passive diffusion. Prior to its absorption,
Vitamin-E is emulsified together with dietary lipids. Bile acids
and salts secreted by the liver aid in the emulsification
process. Lipolysis and emulsification of the formed lipid
droplets lead to the spontaneous formation of mixed micelles.
Fecal excretion is the major route of excretion of oral
Vitamin-E and non-absorbed Vitamin-E. Vitamin-E metabolites such
as alpha-CEHC and gamma-CEHC, are excreted via the urinary
route. About three times as much all rac-alpha-tocopherol,
compared with RRR-alpha-tocopherol, is excreted as alpha-CEHC.
Alpha-CEHC is the major urinary metabolite of alpha-tocopherol.
CLINICAL INFORMATION
Therapeutic
Indications
Replacement
therapy in nutritional deficiency states
Hemolytic anemia
Oxygen therapy
Heavy metal
poisoning
Hepatotoxin
poisoning
It increases
sexual prowess.
Protect skin
from ultraviolet irradiation
Protective
against cardiovascular diseases
It may help
relieve some muscle cramps
Indicated in eye
disorders (particularly cataracts)
It has
demonstrated immune-enhancing effects
Indicated in
protecting against air pollution and some other toxins and may
be helpful in some neurological diseases (including Alzheimer's
disease).
It reverses skin
aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are
poorly supported
Dosage and Administration
Adult : 3-15 mg
daily
Child : 1-10 mg
daily
Dose : 100-200
mg daily
Use in neonates
Caution is
advised in premature infants with vitamin supplementation,
because of reported risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Use in children
The drug may be
used in children.
Use in the elderly
No special
precautions are necessary in elderly patients.
Use in
Pregnancy and Lactation
Liqu-ETM is safe
in pregnancy and lactation, when used as recommended doses.
Higher doses are not established.
Side effects
Adverse
reactions reported for Vitamin-E supplementation include
fatigue, breast soreness, emotional disturbances,
thrombophlebitis, retinuria, gastrointestinal disturbances,
altered serum lipid levels and thyroid problems. These adverse
reactions were rare and none of these has been reported in
controlled studies.
Contraindications
No absolute
contraindication.
Precaution
Those on
warfarin should be cautious in using high doses of Vitamin-E
(i.e. doses greater than 100 milligrams daily of d-alpha-tocopherol)
and if they do use such doses, they should have their INRs
monitored and their warfarin dose appropriately adjusted if
indicated. Likewise, those with Vitamin K deficiencies, such as
those with liver failure, should be cautious in using high doses
of Vitamin-E. Vitamin-E should be used with extreme caution in
those with any lesions that have a propensity to bleed (e.g.
bleeding peptic ulcers), those with a history of hemorrhagic
stroke and those with inherited bleeding disorders (e.g.
hemophilia). Supplemental doses of Vitamin-E higher than RDA
amounts should be avoided by pregnant women and nursing mothers.
High dose Vitamin-E supplementation should be stopped about one
month before surgical procedures and may be resumed following
recovery from the procedure. Use of supplemental Vitamin-E in
low birth weight premature infants must be undertaken with
extreme caution and only by trained medical personnel.
Drug Interactions
Vitamin-E
impairs the absorption of Vitamin A and K. Vitamin-E inhibits
the function of vitamin K at the level of prothrombin formation
and potentiates the effect of warfarin.
PHARMACEUTICAL INFORMATION
Storage conditions
Store in a cool
and dry place. Keep away from light and out of reach of
children.
Presentation & Packaging
Liqu-ETM:
Each commercial box contains 15's, 30's liquid in hard gelatin
capsule in bottle.
|